How to introduce an abbreviation in the text?
The first time you use an abbreviation in your text, present both the spelled-out version and the short form.
When the spelled-out version first appears in the narrative of the sentence, put the abbreviation in parentheses after it:
- Example: We studied attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.
When the spelled-out version first appears in parentheses, put the abbreviation in brackets after it:
- Example: The diagnosis (i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) was confirmed via behavioral observation.
After you define an abbreviation (regardless of whether it is in parentheses), use only the abbreviation. Do not alternate between spelling out the term and abbreviating it.